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Youth Education and Outreach Program Leads Wildlife Camera Project in Toutle Lake
It’s a Monday afternoon in late January 2024. Bailee Perleberg’s classroom at Toutle Lake Middle School is abuzz with nervous energy as students put final touches on presentations and finish illustrating their wildlife crossing designs.
The students are about to share their final projects with a panel of experts including Glen Kalisz and Anna Arensmeyer from the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), Brian Stewart from Conservation Northwest, Fraser Shilling from UC Davis, and Clare Sobetski from the Washington State Department of Natural Resources (DNR).
The students have spent the first part of the 2023-2024 academic year participating in a research project to identify the best location and design for a wildlife crossing over or under Interstate 5. The classroom projects are inspired by the ongoing work of the Washington Wildlife Habitat Connectivity Working Group. Comprised of government, nonprofit, tribal, and academic partners, the group is working to identify undeveloped areas along I-5 that are heavily trafficked by wildlife.
The southern linkage, a priority area of study near the Cowlitz and Toutle rivers, is only 20 minutes by bus from Toutle Lake Middle School. This makes it an ideal location to bring students out for hands-on educational activities associated with ongoing research. Including students in the research was a priority for Shilling, a professor at UC Davis and a lead researcher on the project.
“Including students in environmental research like the I-5 Wildlife Connectivity Project helps empower them to make a difference,” Shilling said. “It helps them understand the problems that wildlife face as they move through the landscapes around us … For their families and communities, student inclusion in research helps demystify the scientific process, reducing barriers and making scientific knowledge accessible to more people.”
Art created by Toutle Middle School student Corban depicting a group’s design for a wildlife crossing over the highway. Photo: Will Rubin, DNRThe multi-partner collaboration with Toutle Lake Middle School is an ideal example of project-based learning DNR looks to support with its Youth Education and Outreach Program (YEOP). Connecting Washington students with natural resource professionals for outdoor, educational activities related to authentic land management needs is a growing point of emphasis for the agency.
Quality project-based learning starts with a great launch event. For these students, that event took place in October of 2023 when students met with professionals on DNR-managed land to learn about the research project, install their own wildlife cameras, and practice identifying animal signs like tracks and scat.
The students impressed the professionals by demonstrating how much they already knew about local wildlife and how quickly they could interpret camera images. The four cameras the students installed during the field trip weren’t just for show – they are part of the larger, ongoing research project.
They returned to the site about six weeks later to retrieve the memory cards from their cameras and learn how to translate images into a data sheet for analysis. There was a good deal of enthusiasm as students pulled up the images on tablets to see what exciting wildlife their cameras captured.
“Of the four cameras installed by the students, one documented an elk, which was only the second camera of over 40 in the study area to do so,” said WSDOT Habitat Connectivity Biologist Glenn Kalisz. “Another camera documented a cougar, which was the second cougar documented west of I-5 out of over 20 cameras and many monitoring days. We’re getting good data out of it!”
As part of this second field experience, students also toured infrastructure that local wildlife is currently using to traverse I-5, including the underpass at the Toutle River bridge. This information informed their final presentations, as all students chose an overpass design because of the drawbacks of a dark and loud underpass.
Students visit the Toutle River bridge site to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the current infrastructure wildlife uses to cross the highway. Photo: Clare Sobetski, DNRStudents who participated in this hands-on learning module were all enrolled in Perleberg’s natural resources class at the middle school. The class is part of the school’s Career and Technical Education offerings. Perleberg designed curriculum and facilitated classroom learning about local wildlife species, population dynamics, and human impacts to support the outdoor experience. Perleberg also worked with YEOP staff to develop a plan for students to deliver final presentations to project partners before the end of the semester.
Presentation groups sorted by the four cameras installed by the students created slides addressing three key topics: why a wildlife crossing on I-5 is necessary; what the data from their wildlife camera revealed and what limitations the data carried; how the data students gathered should inform the design of a wildlife crossing. Each group was responsible for the creation of charts and graphs to visualize their data, as well as an artistic rendering of a wildlife crossing.
A prolonged snow and ice storm in January threw a wrench into the project timeline, but the students pushed through to finish their work in time for final presentations. All the partner organizations agreed the multi-pronged effort was a roaring success.
“I saw the students light up,” Perleberg said. “They were excited to have an experience outside and to participate in hands-on learning. As a teacher, I am trying to create functional members of society. In this project, my students had a chance to learn about things that matter to their community and that have real-life applications.”
This initial collaboration went so well, in fact, that all of the partners committed to a second iteration this spring for students in Perleberg’s second semester natural resources class. That project will adopt a similar structure but include more resources for students to learn about considerations in wildlife crossing design and more data analysis of the tracks and scat they observe.
“I hope these field trips inspire the students to get outside and start making observations about wildlife,” Arensmeyer said. “Engaging students in this manner can also be beneficial for kids that don’t thrive in a traditional classroom setting and provides them with a learning experience that might be more conducive to their learning style.”
Youth Education and Outreach Program Leads Wildlife Camera Project in Toutle Lake
It’s a Monday afternoon in late January 2024. Bailee Perleberg’s classroom at Toutle Lake Middle School is abuzz with nervous energy as students put final touches on presentations and finish illustrating their wildlife crossing designs.
The students are about to share their final projects with a panel of experts including Glen Kalisz and Anna Arensmeyer from the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), Brian Stewart from Conservation Northwest, Fraser Shilling from UC Davis, and Clare Sobetski from the Washington State Department of Natural Resources (DNR).
The students have spent the first part of the 2023-2024 academic year participating in a research project to identify the best location and design for a wildlife crossing over or under Interstate 5. The classroom projects are inspired by the ongoing work of the Washington Wildlife Habitat Connectivity Working Group. Comprised of government, nonprofit, tribal, and academic partners, the group is working to identify undeveloped areas along I-5 that are heavily trafficked by wildlife.
The southern linkage, a priority area of study near the Cowlitz and Toutle rivers, is only 20 minutes by bus from Toutle Lake Middle School. This makes it an ideal location to bring students out for hands-on educational activities associated with ongoing research. Including students in the research was a priority for Shilling, a professor at UC Davis and a lead researcher on the project.
“Including students in environmental research like the I-5 Wildlife Connectivity Project helps empower them to make a difference,” Shilling said. “It helps them understand the problems that wildlife face as they move through the landscapes around us … For their families and communities, student inclusion in research helps demystify the scientific process, reducing barriers and making scientific knowledge accessible to more people.”
Art created by Toutle Middle School student Corban depicting a group’s design for a wildlife crossing over the highway. Photo: Will Rubin, DNRThe multi-partner collaboration with Toutle Lake Middle School is an ideal example of project-based learning DNR looks to support with its Youth Education and Outreach Program (YEOP). Connecting Washington students with natural resource professionals for outdoor, educational activities related to authentic land management needs is a growing point of emphasis for the agency.
Quality project-based learning starts with a great launch event. For these students, that event took place in October of 2023 when students met with professionals on DNR-managed land to learn about the research project, install their own wildlife cameras, and practice identifying animal signs like tracks and scat.
The students impressed the professionals by demonstrating how much they already knew about local wildlife and how quickly they could interpret camera images. The four cameras the students installed during the field trip weren’t just for show – they are part of the larger, ongoing research project.
They returned to the site about six weeks later to retrieve the memory cards from their cameras and learn how to translate images into a data sheet for analysis. There was a good deal of enthusiasm as students pulled up the images on tablets to see what exciting wildlife their cameras captured. According to Glen Kalisz, Habitat Connectivity Biologist for WSDOT,
“Of the four cameras installed by the students, one documented an elk, which was only the second camera of over 40 in the study area to do so, said WSDOT Habitat Connectivity Biologist Glenn Kalisz. “Another camera documented a cougar, which was the second cougar documented west of I-5 out of over 20 cameras and many monitoring days. We’re getting good data out of it!”
As part of this second field experience, students also toured infrastructure that local wildlife is currently using to traverse I-5, including the underpass at the Toutle River bridge. This information informed their final presentations, as all students chose an overpass design because of the drawbacks of a dark and loud underpass.
Students visit the Toutle River bridge site to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the current infrastructure wildlife uses to cross the highway. Photo: Clare Sobetski, DNRStudents who participated in this hands-on learning module were all enrolled in Perlberg’s natural resources class at the middle school. The class is part of the school’s Career and Technical Education offerings. Perleberg designed curriculum and facilitated classroom learning about local wildlife species, population dynamics, and human impacts to support the outdoor experience. Perlberg also worked with YEOP staff to develop a plan for students to deliver final presentations to project partners before the end of the semester.
Presentation groups sorted by the four cameras installed by the students created slides addressing three key topics: why a wildlife crossing on I-5 is necessary; what the data from their wildlife camera revealed and what limitations the data carried; how the data students gathered should inform the design of a wildlife crossing. Each group was responsible for the creation of charts and graphs to visualize their data, as well as an artistic rendering of a wildlife crossing.
A prolonged snow and ice storm in January threw a wrench into the project timeline, but the students pushed through to finish their work in time for final presentations. All the partner organizations agreed the multi-pronged effort was a roaring success.
“I saw the students light up,” Perlberg said. “They were excited to have an experience outside and to participate in hands-on learning. As a teacher, I am trying to create functional members of society. In this project, my students had a chance to learn about things that matter to their community and that have real-life applications.”
This initial collaboration went so well, in fact, that all of the partners committed to a second iteration this spring for students in Perlberg’s second semester natural resources class. That project will adopt a similar structure but include more resources for students to learn about considerations in wildlife crossing design and more data analysis of the tracks and scat they observe.
“I hope these field trips inspire the students to get outside and start making observations about wildlife,” Arensmeyer said. “Engaging students in this manner can also be beneficial for kids that don’t thrive in a traditional classroom setting and provides them with a learning experience that might be more conducive to their learning style.”
Rocks: The Best Thing Since Trees
“It’s the enabling ingredient to everything!”
Dan Kipervaser, shared stewardship coordinator for the Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest (MBS), shared the above “sediment” recently about a core material for forest restoration: rock.
In adequate amounts and convenient locations, rock is a necessary lifeline for timber operations, as well as countless other activities on a national forest. Many rock pits across the national forests in Oregon and Washington (also known as U.S. Forest Service Region 6) were abandoned at the turn of the century following several years of budget cuts.
Santino Pascua, a zone engineer for the south zone of the MBS, shared that while MBS staff would ideally maintain as much as 920 miles of forest roads annually, budget restrictions have compressed this number all the way down to just 168 miles in 2023. There are 2,390 road miles weaving through the MBS. As unfinished projects have piled up, the MBS has racked up an estimated $5 million in deferred road maintenance.
Erosion events like the one pictured at left have become increasingly frequent on western WA forestlands. Photo courtesy Santino Pascua.Pascua explained that due to current costs and timber markets, some timber sales barely break even, much less generate enough funds to cover the high upfront costs of investing in rock pit re-development.
Stockpiles of crushed rock produced by the now-shuttered pits had been used up long before the summer of 2023. Region 6 forests could no longer afford to crush and stockpile new rock; the MBS had not produced any rock through a public works contract for 20 years. Without active rock pits, rocks had to be shipped in from outside sources, which increased the financial and time costs of most projects and made some projects financially infeasible. Important projects languished on the shelf for years while safe public access and forest health continued to decline.
The tide began to turn over the summer, however, as one key rock pit came back online thanks to a partnership between the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) and DNR. The Forest Resilience Division at DNR provided a total of $150,000 for rock-pit redevelopment in the south zone of the MBS. The Region 6 office saw an opportunity to leverage their funds and added an additional $300,000 to make the project a reality at the scale needed to make a difference on the ground.
After a USFS geologist tested several abandoned pits for rock feasibility, one pit located a few miles east of Greenwater was chosen as the clear winner. The reborn rock pit is located near popular recreation areas for camping, hiking, fishing, and target shooting, as well as several potential future timber sales. Crews started cutting and crushing rock at the end of May of 2023, and completed work by mid-August. In total, the project produced 34,000 cubic yards of rock.
Rock being crushed for future use on projects across the Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest. Photo courtesy Santino Pascua.The cost savings were almost immediate. Taking advantage of economies of scale and a central location, the MBS crushed rock cost $13 per cubic yard. For comparison, rock shipped in from off-forest can cost more than five times as much. Local contractors have already started using the rock – they had placed more than 2,000 tons of fresh gravel on local roads by the end of August. Staff believe this new rock stockpile can support projects for the next 15 years.
While rock is most obviously needed for the creation, repair, and maintenance of forest roads, it opens new possibilities for so much more:
Rock means timber and restorationMost timber sales are put out to bid with the condition that the contractor “rock the roads” to the sales. This not only ensures that the roads are safe for timber hauling, but also protects nearby streams from erosion caused by traffic and rain. This same rock is also needed when installing a fish passage to remove barriers to salmon migration. The price of purchasing and hauling tons of rock to repair road infrastructure is one of the most significant pain points on the MBS and can often determine whether a contractor bids on a project, let alone whether a timber sale is profitable.
With a new rock source now located in a central spot within the on the south zone of the MBS, area projects will cost less both in terms of time and resources. This also means timber sales are more likely to sell, and thus generate revenues that the MBS uses to fund habitat and watershed improvement projects – a compounding benefit to the forest.
Rock means matchWhile the rock itself does not equate to dollars, it can serve the same purpose as direct funds, acting as a matching contribution in grant applications. For example, according to Pascua, the MBS can now offer materials to offset the costs of repairing damaged roads after a significant flood event through the Emergency Relief for Federally Owned Roads (ERFO) program. Similarly, rock can be used as in-kind match for an agreement with Weyerhaeuser to share maintenance and repair costs for roads used by both the company and the public.
Rock means partnershipsOver the years, MBS staff have had to turn down many excellent offers of support from groups and individuals due to tight budgets and a lack of staff capacity. Thanks to the newly available rock, many of these collaborative projects will become a reality. For example, a horseback riding group in the area has wanted for several years to help improve trails in the region. While the group is willing to volunteer their time and equipment to make improvements, rock was never available for the projects. The MBS can now provide the rock for those, and many other projects driven by volunteer- based recreation organizations.
Left: a road in the Olympic National Forest covered with debris and eroded materials. Right: The same road after repairs and the addition of new rock. Photos courtesy Bret McNamara. Rock means roadsWith a limited budget, the MBS has had to take a triage approach to forest road maintenance – putting funds only toward roads that receive the greatest public use and delaying maintenance and repair for all others. Some roads have been left unmaintained for years, or even decades as a result. Thanks to the shared investment in redeveloping a rock pit, staff can begin working through the backlog, which means safer roads and more comfortable rides for the visiting public, a reduced risk of washouts and riparian habitat damage, and improved access to restoration project areas.
Rock means safer and more effective wildland fire operationsWildland firefighters use networks of forest roads to access and fight wildfires. Well-maintained roads are required for large engines to utilize these direct access points to emerging incidents. Rock and gravel are also a non-combustible material used by wildland firefighting teams to build fire control lines, which help to contain or redirect an active fire. Gravel can also be used to build control lines for potential future fire operations.
Well-rocked roads help wildland fire teams complete their operations safely and efficiently. Photo courtesy Kate Williams. Rock means recreationRoads carry visiting recreators to trailheads, lakes, vistas, and campgrounds throughout a forest. Without a rugged, high- clearance vehicle, visitors are taking chances with their suspensions when traveling anywhere off the main road system. The roads leading to and around the Ranger Creek Campground, for example, are considered some of the worst on the south zone of the MBS. For the first time in 30 years, the MBS has rock to repair those and other roads.
Long-term planning to maintain network of national forest roads“We’re still actively looking for partners that can help us unlock this critical resource that supports everything from recreation to restoration,” Kipervaser said.
In addition to years of delayed maintenance on the MBS, all western Washington national forests, including the Olympic and Gifford Pinchot, are experiencing more frequent large erosional debris events on an annual, if not seasonal, basis. These emergency events cost each forest huge amounts of time and resources when they are already low on funds.
As overdue challenges collide with new crises, the need for innovative partnerships and creative solutions is greater now than it has ever been. The MBS is working to develop its own long-term, sustainable solutions. For example, the MBS is examining how best to secure a road maintenance crew, as well as the heavy equipment needed to do much of the roadwork and maintenance, rather than contracting out the work. Staff with the MBS are also researching how to procure mobile rock crushing equipment.
“The MBS has a reputation in the Pacific Northwest region as a national forest that can put funds to good use,” further explains Pascua. “When there are additional funds to spend, we know we can spend it, and spend it well.”
Rocks: The Best Thing Since Trees
“It’s the enabling ingredient to everything!”
Dan Kipervaser, shared stewardship coordinator for the Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest (MBS), shared the above “sediment” recently about a core material for forest restoration: rock.
In adequate amounts and convenient locations, rock is a necessary lifeline for timber operations, as well as countless other activities on a national forest. Many rock pits across the national forests in Oregon and Washington (also known as U.S. Forest Service Region 6) were abandoned at the turn of the century following several years of budget cuts.
Santino Pascua, a zone engineer for the south zone of the MBS, shared that while MBS staff would ideally maintain as much as 920 miles of forest roads annually, budget restrictions have compressed this number all the way down to just 168 miles in 2023. There are 2,390 road miles weaving through the MBS. As unfinished projects have piled up, the MBS has racked up an estimated $5 million in deferred road maintenance.
Erosion events like the one pictured at left have become increasingly frequent on western WA forestlands. Photo courtesy Santino Pascua.Pascua explained that due to current costs and timber markets, some timber sales barely break even, much less generate enough funds to cover the high upfront costs of investing in rock pit re-development.
Stockpiles of crushed rock produced by the now-shuttered pits had been used up long before the summer of 2023. Region 6 forests could no longer afford to crush and stockpile new rock; the MBS had not produced any rock through a public works contract for 20 years. Without active rock pits, rocks had to be shipped in from outside sources, which increased the financial and time costs of most projects and made some projects financially infeasible. Important projects languished on the shelf for years while safe public access and forest health continued to decline.
The tide began to turn over the summer, however, as one key rock pit came back online thanks to a partnership between the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) and DNR. The Forest Resilience Division at DNR provided a total of $150,000 for rock-pit redevelopment in the south zone of the MBS. The Region 6 office saw an opportunity to leverage their funds and added an additional $300,000 to make the project a reality at the scale needed to make a difference on the ground.
After a USFS geologist tested several abandoned pits for rock feasibility, one pit located a few miles east of Greenwater was chosen as the clear winner. The reborn rock pit is located near popular recreation areas for camping, hiking, fishing, and target shooting, as well as several potential future timber sales. Crews started cutting and crushing rock at the end of May of 2023, and completed work by mid-August. In total, the project produced 34,000 cubic yards of rock.
Rock being crushed for future use on projects across the Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest. Photo courtesy Santino Pascua.The cost savings were almost immediate. Taking advantage of economies of scale and a central location, the MBS crushed rock cost $13 per cubic yard. For comparison, rock shipped in from off-forest can cost more than five times as much. Local contractors have already started using the rock – they had placed more than 2,000 tons of fresh gravel on local roads by the end of August. Staff believe this new rock stockpile can support projects for the next 15 years.
While rock is most obviously needed for the creation, repair, and maintenance of forest roads, it opens new possibilities for so much more:
Rock means timber and restorationMost timber sales are put out to bid with the condition that the contractor “rock the roads” to the sales. This not only ensures that the roads are safe for timber hauling, but also protects nearby streams from erosion caused by traffic and rain. This same rock is also needed when installing a fish passage to remove barriers to salmon migration. The price of purchasing and hauling tons of rock to repair road infrastructure is one of the most significant pain points on the MBS and can often determine whether a contractor bids on a project, let alone whether a timber sale is profitable.
With a new rock source now located in a central spot within the on the south zone of the MBS, area projects will cost less both in terms of time and resources. This also means timber sales are more likely to sell, and thus generate revenues that the MBS uses to fund habitat and watershed improvement projects – a compounding benefit to the forest.
Rock means matchWhile the rock itself does not equate to dollars, it can serve the same purpose as direct funds, acting as a matching contribution in grant applications. For example, according to Pascua, the MBS can now offer materials to offset the costs of repairing damaged roads after a significant flood event through the Emergency Relief for Federally Owned Roads (ERFO) program. Similarly, rock can be used as in-kind match for an agreement with Weyerhaeuser to share maintenance and repair costs for roads used by both the company and the public.
Rock means partnershipsOver the years, MBS staff have had to turn down many excellent offers of support from groups and individuals due to tight budgets and a lack of staff capacity. Thanks to the newly available rock, many of these collaborative projects will become a reality. For example, a horseback riding group in the area has wanted for several years to help improve trails in the region. While the group is willing to volunteer their time and equipment to make improvements, rock was never available for the projects. The MBS can now provide the rock for those, and many other projects driven by volunteer- based recreation organizations.
Left: a road in the Olympic National Forest covered with debris and eroded materials. Right: The same road after repairs and the addition of new rock. Photos courtesy Bret McNamara. Rock means roadsWith a limited budget, the MBS has had to take a triage approach to forest road maintenance – putting funds only toward roads that receive the greatest public use and delaying maintenance and repair for all others. Some roads have been left unmaintained for years, or even decades as a result. Thanks to the shared investment in redeveloping a rock pit, staff can begin working through the backlog, which means safer roads and more comfortable rides for the visiting public, a reduced risk of washouts and riparian habitat damage, and improved access to restoration project areas.
Rock means safer and more effective wildland fire operationsWildland firefighters use networks of forest roads to access and fight wildfires. Well-maintained roads are required for large engines to utilize these direct access points to emerging incidents. Rock and gravel are also a non-combustible material used by wildland firefighting teams to build fire control lines, which help to contain or redirect an active fire. Gravel can also be used to build control lines for potential future fire operations.
Well-rocked roads help wildland fire teams complete their operations safely and efficiently. Photo courtesy Kate Williams. Rock means recreationRoads carry visiting recreators to trailheads, lakes, vistas, and campgrounds throughout a forest. Without a rugged, high- clearance vehicle, visitors are taking chances with their suspensions when traveling anywhere off the main road system. The roads leading to and around the Ranger Creek Campground, for example, are considered some of the worst on the south zone of the MBS. For the first time in 30 years, the MBS has rock to repair those and other roads.
Long-term planning to maintain network of national forest roads“We’re still actively looking for partners that can help us unlock this critical resource that supports everything from recreation to restoration,” Kipervaser said.
In addition to years of delayed maintenance on the MBS, all western Washington national forests, including the Olympic and Gifford Pinchot, are experiencing more frequent large erosional debris events on an annual, if not seasonal, basis. These emergency events cost each forest huge amounts of time and resources when they are already low on funds.
As overdue challenges collide with new crises, the need for innovative partnerships and creative solutions is greater now than it has ever been. The MBS is working to develop its own long-term, sustainable solutions. For example, the MBS is examining how best to secure a road maintenance crew, as well as the heavy equipment needed to do much of the roadwork and maintenance, rather than contracting out the work. Staff with the MBS are also researching how to procure mobile rock crushing equipment.
“The MBS has a reputation in the Pacific Northwest region as a national forest that can put funds to good use,” further explains Pascua. “When there are additional funds to spend, we know we can spend it, and spend it well.”
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